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When air cools, (e_s) decreases. What is its importance in cloud formation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The same actual vapour pressure can approach saturation

Direct answer: A. Here e_s means saturation vapour pressure, the maximum vapour pressure that air can support at a particular temperature. This maximum decreases when temperature falls. Suppose the actual vapour pressure changes little while the air rises and cools. Because the saturation limit becomes lower, the actual value gets closer to that limit. Relative humidity therefore increases, and the air may reach saturation. Once saturation is reached, excess water vapour can condense on condensation nuclei to form cloud droplets or ice particles. B is wrong because cooling does not automatically make vapour pressure zero; actual vapour pressure may remain present. C is wrong because water vapour does not become solid rock. D is the opposite of the process: cooling toward saturation often helps cloud formation, although moisture, nuclei, and suitable atmospheric conditions are also needed. Memory cue: cooling lowers the moisture capacity of air; the same vapour then fills the smaller capacity more completely.

Related tags

Saturation Vapour PressureCoolingRelative HumidityCloud FormationHumidityEvaporationAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeography

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