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If water vapour directly becomes ice on a below-freezing surface, what is it called?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Deposition

Direct answer: A, deposition. Deposition is the phase change in which a substance moves directly from a gas to a solid without first becoming a liquid. In this case, water vapour meets a surface below freezing and forms ice crystals directly. Frost is a familiar example when atmospheric water vapour deposits on a cold surface. B is the opposite direction, liquid water changing into vapour. C is liquid water changing into vapour rapidly at its boiling point, so it does not describe vapour becoming ice. D is the change from solid ice to liquid water, also the opposite of the process described. Do not confuse deposition with freezing: freezing changes liquid water into solid ice, whereas deposition starts with vapour and produces solid ice. Memory cue: gas to solid is deposition; solid to gas is sublimation. The cold surface provides the condition for the direct solid formation.

Related tags

DepositionFrostWater VapourPhase ChangeHumidityEvaporationAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeography

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