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If rising air becomes saturated, why does further cooling become slower than the dry rate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Because latent heat released by condensation partly offsets cooling.

The correct answer is A. Rising air expands as surrounding pressure decreases, and expansion causes adiabatic cooling. Before saturation, the air cools at the dry adiabatic rate because little or no condensation is occurring. After the rising air reaches its dew point, water vapour begins to condense into cloud droplets. Condensation releases latent heat—the energy that had been used when liquid water evaporated. This released heat warms the parcel relative to what it would have been without condensation, so it partly offsets the cooling caused by expansion. The saturated parcel therefore cools at a slower moist or saturated adiabatic rate. A is correct. B is wrong because saturated air still has pressure. C is wrong because vapour changes phase into liquid water; it is not destroyed. D is wrong because saturated air can continue to rise and form clouds. The exact moist rate can vary with temperature and moisture, but it remains lower than the dry rate in this basic explanation. Memory cue: condensation gives heat back, making saturated rising air cool more slowly.

Related tags

Moist Lapse RateLatent HeatCondensationHumidityEvaporationAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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