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If moist air rises along a mountain slope, what is the main physical reason for its temperature decrease?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Rising air expands and cools adiabatically

Correct answer: A. Atmospheric pressure generally decreases with height. As a parcel of air rises into lower pressure, it expands. Expansion requires energy, and the parcel’s internal energy is used, so its temperature falls without the need for direct heat loss to the surroundings; this is adiabatic cooling. If the rising moist air cools to its dew point, condensation and cloud formation may begin, producing orographic clouds and precipitation. A is correct. B is wrong because the air is rising, not sinking into an ocean. C is wrong because a mountain does not automatically add vapour to air. D is wrong because sunlight still reaches high elevations. Memory cue: lower pressure aloft, expansion, adiabatic cooling, then possible condensation.

Related tags

Orographic LiftingAdiabatic CoolingCondensationMountain ClimateHumidityEvaporationAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeography

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