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What is the main physical condition for cloud formation on the windward slope in orographic rainfall?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Air being forced upward by the mountain and cooling

Answer: B. In orographic rainfall, moist air encounters a mountain barrier on the windward side. The slope forces the air to rise. As the air rises, the surrounding pressure decreases, so the air expands and cools adiabatically. Continued cooling lowers the air temperature toward its dew point; condensation then occurs on suitable nuclei, producing clouds and potentially rainfall. B correctly describes the essential uplift-and-cooling sequence. A is wrong because descending air is compressed and warmed, which generally reduces relative humidity. C is wrong because moisture is necessary for cloud formation. D is wrong because saturation capacity is not infinite; it changes with temperature. The leeward side may later experience descending, warming air and a rain-shadow effect, but the question asks about the windward cloud-forming process. Memory cue: windward side means forced uplift, cooling, condensation.

Related tags

Orographic RainfallWindward SlopeCondensationHumidityEvaporationAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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