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Why can fog persist for a long time under a surface temperature inversion?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Cold, moist air is trapped near the surface and vertical mixing decreases.

Correct answer: B. Normally, air near the ground can mix vertically as warmer air rises and cooler air descends. During a surface temperature inversion, the arrangement is reversed: relatively cold air remains near the ground while warmer air lies above it. The warmer layer acts like a lid and strongly reduces vertical mixing. If the surface air is moist and its temperature is near the dew point, water vapour condenses into tiny droplets, producing fog. Because the moist air cannot easily mix upward or be replaced by drier air, the fog can remain for a long time, especially when wind is weak. A is wrong because the trapped air near the surface is cold, not warm. C is not the controlling process. D is wrong because condensation nuclei do not simply disappear. Memory cue: inversion is a “lid” that traps cool, moist air and fog near the ground.

Related tags

Temperature InversionFogCondensationVertical MixingHumidityEvaporationAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeography

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