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What is the main exam-oriented difference between evaporation and boiling?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Evaporation occurs at the surface at any temperature, while boiling occurs throughout liquid at a fixed temperature

Direct answer: A is correct. Evaporation is a relatively slow surface process. Even below the boiling point, a few energetic molecules at the exposed surface can escape into the air, so evaporation can occur at many temperatures. Boiling is different: when a liquid reaches its boiling point at a given pressure, vapour bubbles form throughout the bulk of the liquid and rise to the surface. Boiling therefore involves the whole liquid and is associated with a definite boiling temperature for that pressure. A is correct because it states both the surface-versus-bulk distinction and the temperature condition. B is wrong because evaporation occurs from liquids and some solids can also sublime, while boiling is a liquid-to-gas process, not a gas process. C is wrong because latent energy is involved in changing liquid into vapour, even when heat is taken from the surroundings. D is wrong because boiling is not restricted to clouds. Memory cue: evaporation is surface escape; boiling makes bubbles throughout the liquid.

Related tags

EvaporationBoilingWater VapourHumidityAnd CondensationHumidity Evaporation And CondensationWater In The AtmosphereGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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