Which option gives the correct energy relation and state change for evaporation and condensation?

Correct answer: Evaporation is liquid to gas and heat absorption

The correct answer is A. During evaporation, some molecules at the surface of a liquid gain enough energy to escape into the gas state. Thus the change is liquid to gas and heat is absorbed from the surroundings or the liquid itself. Condensation is the reverse process: gas changes into liquid, and latent heat is released to the surroundings as molecules lose energy and come closer together. B describes condensation, not evaporation. C gives the state change and energy direction of evaporation but labels it as condensation, so it is incorrect. D is wrong because a change of state involves energy transfer, even when the energy is not obvious to our eyes. Evaporation can cool a surface because the faster, higher-energy molecules leave. Memory cue: evaporation absorbs energy and goes upward from liquid to gas; condensation releases energy and comes back from gas to liquid.