When moist air produces heavy rainfall on a mountain’s windward slope, what long-term climate may occur on the leeward side?

Correct answer: It is relatively dry

B is correct: the leeward side may be relatively dry because moist air loses much of its moisture as it rises and rains on the windward slope. After crossing the crest, the air descends, warms by compression, and becomes less likely to form clouds and rain. This is called the rain-shadow effect; the degree of dryness varies with local conditions.