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If a mountain is high but the air is dry, why will orographic rainfall remain limited?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: There will not be enough water vapour for condensation

Direct answer: A. Orographic rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain. Rising air expands and cools, and cooling can bring water vapour to saturation so that condensation and precipitation occur. A high mountain can provide strong uplift, but uplift alone is not enough. If the air is dry, there is little water vapour available to condense into cloud droplets, so rainfall remains limited even when cooling takes place. A is correct. B is wrong because mountains do not stop all rain; they can enhance rain on the windward side and create a drier rain-shadow side. C is wrong because dry air lacks the moisture needed for heavy rainfall. D is wrong because rising to higher altitude generally causes expanding air to cool. Memory cue: orographic rain needs both ingredients—uplift and moisture; a high mountain supplies uplift, not water vapour.

Related tags

Orographic RainfallDry AirMoistureClouds And PrecipitationWater In The AtmosphereGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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