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If natural increase is +2.1 percent and net out-migration is -2.1 percent, what is the total growth rate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 0 percent

Total population growth has two main components in this calculation: natural increase and net migration. Natural increase is positive when births exceed deaths. Net out-migration is negative because more people leave than enter. The total rate is found by adding the signed rates, not by adding their absolute sizes. Thus opposite signs must be retained in the calculation.

Here the total is \(2.1+(-2.1)=0\) percent. The positive natural increase is exactly cancelled by the negative net migration rate, so the population can remain numerically stable. This does not mean that no births, deaths, arrivals, or departures occurred; it means their combined effect on population size is zero. Therefore, option C is correct, while +4.2 percent incorrectly ignores the negative sign.

Related tags

Zero Total GrowthNatural IncreaseOut MigrationPopulation BalancePopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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