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If a population first grows by 50 percent and then declines by 30 percent, what is the final change relative to the initial population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 5 percent increase

Successive percentage changes must be applied one after another to the changing amount; they should not simply be added or subtracted. Take the initial population as 100. A 50 percent increase changes it to 150. The later 30 percent decline is calculated on 150, not on the original 100. Thirty percent of 150 is 45, so the final population is \(150-45=105\).

The final value 105 is 5 more than the initial value 100, which is a 5 percent increase. Therefore, option A is correct. Equivalently, the combined multiplier is \(1.5\times0.7=1.05\). A direct subtraction of 30 from 50 would give 20 percent, but that would incorrectly use the same base for both changes.

Related tags

Successive Percentage ChangePopulation Growth DeclineCompound EffectDemography MathsPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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