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If child mortality falls rapidly but birth rates do not immediately decline, what effect may occur on age structure in the medium term?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Younger age groups may become larger

Child mortality is the death of children at young ages. When it falls rapidly, more children survive. If the birth rate does not decline immediately, many children continue to be born and a larger share of them remains alive. This can enlarge the child and adolescent age groups in the medium term. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

The effect is on the composition of the population, not merely its total size. For example, the same number of births produces a larger surviving cohort when fewer children die. The elderly group will not immediately become dominant, because the immediate change concerns survival among children. Later, these larger young cohorts may enter working and reproductive ages, producing further demographic effects. Option C reverses the likely direction, while D ignores improved survival.

Related tags

Child Mortality DeclineYoung PopulationAge StructureDemographic MomentumPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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