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If population first grows by 18 percent and then declines by 15 percent, what is the final change relative to the initial population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 0.3 percent increase

The correct answer is A: a 0.3 percent increase. Use an easy starting population of 100. An 18 percent increase adds 18, so the population becomes 118. The next change is a 15 percent decrease from 118, not from the original 100. Fifteen percent of 118 is 17.7, so the final population is 118 − 17.7 = 100.3. Compared with the original 100, this is an increase of 0.3, or 0.3 percent. Option A is therefore correct. Option B is wrong because 2.3 percent does not result from the successive calculation. Option C has the wrong direction: the final value is above 100, not below it. Option D incorrectly subtracts 15 from 18 as if both percentages had the same base; they do not. Memory cue: in successive percentage changes, calculate each percentage on the amount existing at that stage.

Related tags

Successive Percentage ChangePopulation Growth DeclineCompound EffectPopulation GrowthDemographyThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And GrowthGeography

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