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If a population first grows by 15 percent and then declines by 10 percent, what is the approximate final change relative to the initial population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 3.5 percent increase

Successive percentage changes must be applied to the changing population, not both to the original number. Let the initial population be 100. A 15 percent increase changes it to 115. The later 10 percent decrease is calculated from 115, so it removes 11.5 and leaves 103.5.

The final value is 103.5 compared with the starting value of 100, which is a 3.5 percent increase. Equivalently, use \(1.15\times0.90=1.035\). Therefore, option A is correct. Simply subtracting 10 from 15 gives a 5 percent increase, but that is inaccurate because the second percentage uses a different base.

Related tags

Successive Percentage ChangePopulation Growth DeclineCompound EffectDemography MathsPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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