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If a population grows by 25 percent in the first year and declines by 20 percent in the second year, what is the final change relative to the initial population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: No change

Successive percentage changes are applied to the changing population, so they should be calculated one after another rather than simply adding or subtracting the percentages. Take an initial population of 100 as a convenient example. A 25 percent increase multiplies it by 1.25. A 20 percent decline then multiplies the new value by 0.80.

The final value is \(100\times1.25\times0.80=100\). The first increase produces 125, and 20 percent of 125 is 25; subtracting 25 returns the population to 100. Therefore, there is no final change and option A is correct. The two percentages cancel here because the second percentage is applied to the larger intermediate value.

Related tags

Successive Percentage ChangePopulation Increase DecreaseCompound CalculationPopulation MathsPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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