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If in-migrants to a city have an average age of 25 while out-migrants average 65, what effect is possible even when net migration is numerically zero?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The age structure may become younger

Net migration records only the numerical difference between people entering and leaving. It does not show whether the two flows have the same age composition. If the number of young in-migrants equals the number of older out-migrants, net migration is zero, but the population receives younger members and loses older members. The age distribution can therefore change even when the total population effect of migration is zero.

Option A is correct because the replacement of older residents by younger adults can make the city’s age structure younger. This does not mean the total population doubles, that natural increase becomes zero, or that no structural effect occurs. Age-selective migration can also affect future births, labour supply, and dependency patterns, although those further effects are not required to answer the question.

Related tags

Migration Age StructureZero Net MigrationYoung MigrantsPopulation CompositionPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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