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A country has a population of 10 million. If it grows by 5 percent and then declines by 5 percent the next year, what is the final population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 9.975 million

Answer: A. Begin with 10 million. After a 5% increase, the population becomes 10 × 1.05 = 10.5 million. The following 5% decline is calculated on 10.5 million, not on the original 10 million. The decrease is 10.5 × 0.05 = 0.525 million, leaving 10.5 − 0.525 = 9.975 million. This is 99.75 lakh. A is correct. B is wrong because equal percentage growth and decline do not cancel when applied to different bases. C has the wrong final direction and value. D subtracts 5% from the original population and ignores the preceding increase. The multiplier check is 1.05 × 0.95 = 0.9975, so 99.75% of the original remains. Memory cue: for successive changes, multiply the factors rather than simply adding or subtracting percentages.

Related tags

Successive PercentagePopulation GrowthCompound DeclinePopulation CalculationThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And GrowthGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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