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A country's fertility rate falls rapidly, but the share of young population remains very high. Why may total population continue to grow in the near future?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Young people entering reproductive ages can keep total births high

Fertility rate describes the average number of children born per woman, while total births also depend on how many women are in reproductive ages. A country may therefore experience falling fertility but still have many births if a very large young population is entering or already in those ages. This is called population momentum: the age structure can keep growth continuing for some time.

Thus option B is correct. A lower fertility rate does not immediately reduce the total number of births when the number of potential parents is unusually large. The other choices are unsupported: death rates will not necessarily be zero, migration is not automatically positive, and land area does not expand because of population structure. The key is the large cohort of young people.

Related tags

Demographic MomentumFertility DeclineYoung PopulationAge StructurePopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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