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A country records 1.2 million births, 0.8 million deaths, and net out-migration of 0.5 million. What is the total population change?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Decrease of 0.1 million

Total population change combines natural increase with migration. Natural increase is births minus deaths: \(1.2-0.8=0.4\) million, or 4 lakh. Net out-migration of 0.5 million means that 0.5 million people are lost from the country. Therefore, total change is \(0.4-0.5=-0.1\) million. A negative result means a decrease of 0.1 million, which is 1 lakh. Hence, option B is correct.

It is important not to stop after calculating births minus deaths, because migration also affects the total. The natural increase of 4 lakh is slightly smaller than the out-migration of 5 lakh, leaving a shortfall of 1 lakh. Option C gives only the natural increase and ignores migration, while option D ignores births and deaths. Thus, the complete balance supports option B.

Related tags

Natural IncreaseOut MigrationTotal DeclinePopulation ComponentsPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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