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A country has a birth rate of 31 per thousand, a death rate of 9 per thousand, and a net migration rate of -4 per thousand. What is the total growth rate per thousand?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 18 per thousand

The natural growth rate is found by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate: \(31 - 9 = 22\) per thousand. Net migration is negative 4 per thousand, which means the country loses four people through migration for every thousand people. It must therefore be subtracted from natural growth: \(22 + (-4) = 18\) per thousand. The total growth rate is consequently 18 per thousand.

Option A is correct. Option B, 22 per thousand, is only the natural increase rate and ignores migration. Option C would result from treating the migration loss as a gain, while option D incorrectly adds all given figures. The negative sign is essential: it shows that out-migration exceeds in-migration. Thus the demographic and migration components together produce a positive but smaller total growth rate.

Related tags

Birth Death MigrationTotal Growth RatePer ThousandDemographic RatesPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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