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A country has a very large proportion of young people. Its total population keeps growing for several decades even after the birth rate falls. What is the main reason?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Population momentum

Population momentum is the continued growth that can occur because a large young population is moving into reproductive ages. It reflects the age structure created by earlier high fertility. Even if fertility, meaning births per woman, falls, the number of women and couples able to have children may remain large.

Consequently, total births can stay above deaths for several decades, depending on mortality and migration. This is why option B is correct. Very high mortality and low life expectancy would generally reduce growth, while negative migration would offset it; neither explains the stated pattern as directly as population momentum.

Related tags

Population MomentumYoung PopulationAge StructureFertility DeclinePopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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