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If the birth rate is 18 per thousand and the death rate is 23 per thousand, what is the natural increase rate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: -5 per thousand

The natural increase rate is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate. Both rates are expressed per thousand, so their difference remains per thousand. A negative result means that deaths are more numerous than births, so the population decreases naturally before migration is considered.

Natural increase rate = birth rate − death rate = 18 − 23 = −5 per thousand. Therefore, option C is correct. The negative sign is essential: it shows a natural decrease of 5 persons per thousand, not an increase of 5. Adding the rates gives 41 per thousand, but that only represents their sum and is not the formula for natural increase. Migration is not included in this calculation.

Related tags

Negative Natural IncreaseBirth Death RatesPer ThousandPopulation DeclinePopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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