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If the birth rate is 8 per thousand and the death rate is 13 per thousand, what is the natural increase difference?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Negative 5 per thousand

Answer: D, negative 5 per thousand. Natural increase is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate: natural increase = birth rate − death rate. Therefore, 8 − 13 = −5 per thousand. The negative sign is essential because deaths are greater than births by 5 per thousand. If migration is ignored, this birth-and-death balance would produce a natural decline. Option A gives only the size of the gap and loses its direction. Option B is the sum of the two rates, not the natural increase. Option C simply repeats the birth rate. A useful warning is that natural increase and total population change are not always identical, because migration can increase or decrease the total population.

Related tags

Negative Natural GrowthBirth RateDeath RatePopulation DeclinePopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And GrowthGeography

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