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Under which condition can total population decline even when births exceed deaths?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: If out-migration exceeds natural increase

Population change has two components: natural increase and migration. Natural increase is births minus deaths. If births exceed deaths, this component is positive. However, people may also leave the region. When net out-migration is greater than the natural increase, the total number of people falls despite more births than deaths.

For example, if natural increase adds 10,000 people but 15,000 more people leave than enter, the total population changes by \(10000-15000=-5000\). Thus, population declines. Therefore, option D is correct. High in-migration would instead tend to increase population, and zero deaths would not create a decline by itself.

Related tags

Out MigrationNatural IncreaseTotal Population DeclinePopulation ComponentsPopulation GrowthThe World Population – DistributionDensity And GrowthThe World Population Distribution Density And Growth

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