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What is a major feature of the age pyramid of a contracting or declining population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Younger cohorts are smaller than many middle-age cohorts

A contracting population usually results from fertility remaining low for a long period. Each newer birth cohort is then smaller than earlier cohorts, so the bottom of the age pyramid becomes narrow. Many middle-age groups may be wider because they belong to larger generations born when fertility was higher. The pyramid therefore has a constrictive or urn-like shape rather than a broad triangular base.

Option A is correct: younger cohorts are smaller than many middle-age cohorts. A very wide base indicates an expanding population with high fertility, not a declining one. Older groups are not necessarily absent; improved survival may make them substantial. Nor must every age group be equal in size, because the shape reflects different birth cohorts, mortality and migration.

Related tags

Contracting PopulationLow FertilityNarrow BaseAge PyramidPopulation DeclineAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeography

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