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Which age-structural change is most likely to increase pressure on public pension systems?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Rising elderly share with a relative decline in the working-age share

Public pension systems are generally supported by contributions and taxes from the working-age population. If the share of older people rises while the working-age share falls relatively, fewer potential contributors may be supporting more beneficiaries. This raises the old-age dependency burden and can create pressure for higher contributions, reduced benefits, later retirement or greater government funding.

Option A is therefore the correct choice. A small decline in children may affect future population structure, but it does not immediately create the same pension burden. More young adults or rapid working-age growth can strengthen the contributor base, at least initially. The key issue is the balance between pension recipients and the population that finances the system, not simply the total population size.

Related tags

Pension SystemsOld-Age DependencyPopulation AgeingWorking-Age ShareAge StructureGeographyPopulation CompositionClass 12 Mcq

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