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If life expectancy rises and mortality at older ages declines while birth rates remain low, which change in the age pyramid is most likely?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Upper age groups will become relatively wider

When people live longer and mortality at older ages declines, more individuals survive into advanced age. If birth rates remain low, each new young cohort is smaller than earlier generations. The population pyramid therefore changes from a broad-based shape toward a more rectangular or top-heavy shape, with relatively wider upper age groups. This indicates population ageing rather than rapid youthful growth.

Option A is correct because the upper age groups gain relative weight. A low birth rate does not rapidly widen the base; it tends to keep the base narrow. Older people do not disappear, and all age groups do not decline equally because survival improvements affect older ages particularly. The exact shape depends on migration and other demographic conditions.

Related tags

Life ExpectancyPopulation AgeingElderly PopulationAge PyramidAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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