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If fertility declines continuously for several decades in a country, what long-term effect is expected at the base of its age pyramid?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The base will become relatively narrower

The base of an age pyramid represents the youngest age groups, especially children. Its width depends largely on the number of recent births. If fertility remains lower for several decades, each newer cohort contains fewer children than the previous one. After enough time, these smaller cohorts appear at the bottom of the age pyramid, making the base relatively narrow.

Option A is correct. The top may become relatively wider over time as people live longer and older cohorts form a larger share, but the question specifically asks about the base. Option B is the opposite of the expected effect. Option C is incorrect because age groups do not disappear equally, and D ignores the direct link between births and the youngest population. A narrower base usually indicates declining fertility and a slower future increase in the working-age population.

Related tags

Fertility DeclineNarrow BasePopulation PyramidAge CompositionAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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