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If a country has persistently low birth rates and also very low mortality, what will be their combined long-term effect on age structure?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The elderly share will increase

Persistently low birth rates make each new child cohort smaller than earlier cohorts. At the same time, very low mortality means that more people survive to old age and live longer. Over several decades, the smaller number of children reduces the young share, while improved survival increases the number and proportion of older people. The country may still have a substantial working-age population for some time, but its age structure gradually shifts toward older ages.

Choice B is therefore the best answer. Choice A would be more likely with high fertility and large child cohorts, not with persistently low fertility. Choice C is unrealistic because age groups do not automatically become equal. Choice D is an extreme and immediate claim; the working-age group does not disappear, although its relative share may later decline as cohorts age. The result is population ageing, not instant structural change.

Related tags

Low FertilityLow MortalityPopulation AgeingDemographic TransitionAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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