If a country has a large young population but limited capacity for higher education and skill training, into what risk can the demographic opportunity turn?

Correct answer: Pressure from unemployment and underemployment

A large young population can become a demographic dividend only when people can gain education, health, skills and productive employment. If higher education and training places are too limited, many young people may enter the labour market without the qualifications employers need. If jobs are also insufficient, they may remain unemployed, work fewer hours than desired or accept low-productivity work. The potential advantage then creates social and economic pressure instead of growth.

Choice B is correct because unemployment and underemployment are the direct risks of an inadequately prepared young population. A shortage of training would not create an oversupply of skilled labour. Ageing does not immediately end, and the dependency ratio cannot become zero merely because the youth share is large. Policies that expand schooling, skills, health and job creation are needed to convert population size into a benefit.