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An age pyramid has a very narrow base, the 35-54 age group is the widest, and the population aged above 70 is also relatively large. Which demographic condition does this most strongly indicate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Low fertility, a large middle-aged cohort and advanced population ageing

An age pyramid shows how many people belong to each age group. A very narrow base means that recent births are relatively few, so fertility is low. A wide 35–54 group shows that a large generation has reached middle age. A relatively large group above 70 indicates that many people survive to older ages, usually reflecting longer life expectancy and advanced ageing. Together, these features describe a mature or ageing population rather than a rapidly growing youthful one.

Choice B is correct because it combines all three observations: low fertility, a large middle-aged cohort and substantial elderly population. A high-fertility population would normally have a broad base. A pre-industrial population generally would not show this large older-age share. Temporary migration might distort some age groups, but the stated shape alone most strongly indicates a broad demographic ageing condition, not only a temporary movement pattern.

Related tags

Age PyramidPopulation AgeingLow FertilityDemographic TransitionAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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