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If elderly dependency is rising but pension spending remains stable, which additional fact could explain the situation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Pension coverage may be limited or benefits may decline

Elderly dependency indicates how many older people there are compared with the working-age population, so it can signal future pressure on pension systems. However, the ratio does not tell us how many older people actually receive pensions or how much each person receives. Government expenditure depends on coverage, eligibility rules, contribution history, benefit levels, retirement age, and funding arrangements.

Consequently, limited pension coverage or reduced benefit amounts could keep pension spending stable even while elderly dependency rises. This makes option A the best explanation. A rising dependency ratio does not prove that the elderly population is declining, so B is unsupported. C is impossible as a meaningful demographic situation, and D is too extreme: elderly dependency is relevant to pensions even though it is not the only determinant.

Related tags

Elderly DependencyPension CoverageFiscal PressureAgeing PopulationAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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