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If the percentage of people aged 65 and above is increasing, but their absolute number is declining, under what condition is this possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Total population is declining faster than the elderly population

A percentage is a ratio: the number of elderly people divided by the total population. Consequently, the percentage can rise even when the elderly population itself falls, provided that the total population falls more rapidly. This is a comparison of two changing quantities, not a contradiction. The elderly group may shrink slightly while the whole population shrinks much more.

For example, suppose there are 20 elderly people in a population of 100, giving 20%. If the elderly number falls to 18 but the total population falls to 80, the new share is 22.5%. The absolute number has declined, but the percentage has increased. Rapid total-population growth would tend to lower the share, not produce the stated combination. Therefore, option A is correct. The other choices do not provide the necessary relationship between numerator and denominator.

Related tags

Elderly PercentageAbsolute PopulationPopulation DeclineAge CompositionAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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