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If fertility declines in a country but a large young population already exists, why can population continue to grow for some time?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Because population momentum carries large cohorts into reproductive ages

Population momentum means that population growth can continue after fertility has started to decline. If a country already has a very large young population, many of those young people will soon reach reproductive ages. Even when each woman has fewer children than earlier generations, the total number of women able to have children may remain large for some time.

Consequently, the number of births can stay high enough to exceed deaths, so the total population continues to grow before eventually stabilising or declining. Option A is correct because it refers to large cohorts moving into reproductive ages. The other options are biologically or demographically incorrect: lower fertility does not always raise mortality, elderly people do not become children, and age structure strongly affects total births.

Related tags

Population MomentumFertility DeclineYoung PopulationAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 McqRdgdfgdfg

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