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If fertility declines rapidly in a country while life expectancy continues to rise, which long-term change in age structure is most likely?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The elderly share will rise and the base of the age pyramid will narrow

When fertility falls quickly, fewer babies are born in each new generation. Therefore, children form a smaller share of the population, and the lower part, or base, of the age pyramid becomes narrower. This is a gradual change because existing children and adults do not disappear. At the same time, rising life expectancy means that more people survive into older ages. The population therefore tends to move towards an ageing structure.

Thus, the most likely long-term result is a larger elderly share together with a narrower pyramid base. Option B correctly combines both effects. Option A reverses the expected direction, while option C is not required because age groups do not become equal. Option D is extreme and incorrect: the working-age group may change in proportion, but it does not immediately disappear.

Related tags

Fertility DeclinePopulation AgeingLife ExpectancyAge PyramidAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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