If a country has a large child population but infant and child mortality are very low, what effect is likely on future age structure?

Correct answer: Large child cohorts will enter working ages

The governing concept is survival and cohort movement within age structure. A large child population represents a large birth cohort. When infant and child mortality are very low, most members of that cohort are likely to survive through childhood and adolescence and later enter working ages. This can enlarge the future labour supply and increase demand for secondary education, skills, health services and employment. It is an opportunity only if institutions and the economy can absorb the cohort; otherwise youth unemployment may become a problem. Option A states the direct demographic consequence. Options B, C and D make unsupported or contradictory claims about survival, immediate ageing and inevitable workforce decline.