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If fertility remains very low for twenty years, what effect is most likely on the future working-age structure besides reducing the current child population?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Cohorts entering working ages in future will be smaller

The governing concept is cohort progression through the age structure. Very low fertility produces small birth cohorts in the present. After roughly 15–20 years, those same small cohorts reach adolescence and begin entering working ages, so the flow of new labour-market entrants will be smaller. If earlier, larger cohorts are also ageing, the country may later experience labour shortages and greater elderly dependency. Low fertility does not automatically reduce the number of older people, double the working-age population, or cause child dependency to rise. Therefore option A is the only conclusion that follows directly from the demographic timing. The exact outcome can also depend on migration and mortality, but the cohort effect remains clear.

Related tags

Low FertilityCohort ProgressionFuture WorkforceElderly DependencyAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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