If a country has a very large young population but a weak education system, what may be the greatest long-term challenge?

Correct answer: A large future workforce remaining low-skilled or unemployed

The governing concept is the conversion of a youthful age structure into productive human capital. A large young population can later enlarge the working-age group, but education, training and labour-market opportunities determine whether that group is skilled and employed. If schooling is weak, many young people may enter adulthood without literacy, technical competence or adaptable skills. The resulting low productivity, unemployment and underemployment can create fiscal and social pressures instead of a demographic dividend. Option A captures this risk. Option C is incorrect because skills do not arise automatically with age. Option B is not the central issue, and option D is false because population structure strongly influences labour supply and economic planning.