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In a state, the 15-59 age group rises from 55 percent to 65 percent, while the child share declines and the elderly share remains nearly stable. What is the most likely explanation?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: A decline in fertility in previous years

The governing concept is the cohort effect within demographic transition. When fertility declines in earlier years, fewer children are born and the child share later becomes smaller. At the same time, the relatively larger cohorts born before the decline gradually move into the 15–59 working-age range. If the elderly share remains nearly stable, this movement can raise the working-age share from 55 to 65 percent. Option A is therefore the most plausible explanation. Option D would increase the child share, not reduce it. Option B is unrealistic and does not explain the smaller child proportion, while option C alone would require unusually large elderly immigration and would raise the elderly share rather than leave it stable.

Related tags

Fertility DeclineWorking Age ShareDemographic TransitionAge CompositionAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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