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In a country, life expectancy rises while the birth rate falls. What will be their combined long-term effect?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: A tendency for the proportion of elderly people to rise

The governing concept is population ageing caused by changes in fertility and survival. A falling birth rate produces smaller younger cohorts, so children gradually make up a smaller share of the total population. At the same time, rising life expectancy allows more people to survive into older ages and remain there for longer. Together, these processes tend to increase the proportion of elderly people, narrow the base of the age pyramid and widen its upper portion. Option A is correct. Option B is opposite to the effect of lower fertility, option C ignores demographic change, and option D is an extreme claim because the working-age group does not disappear completely merely because ageing occurs.

Related tags

Life ExpectancyLow Birth RatePopulation AgeingAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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