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An age pyramid has a narrow base, a relatively broad middle, and a top that is gradually becoming wider. What demographic situation does this most likely indicate?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Low birth rate and an ageing population

The shape of an age pyramid reflects recent births, the size of adult cohorts, and survival into old age. A narrow base means that fewer children have been born recently, so the birth rate is relatively low. A broad middle means that many people are in adult or working ages. A top that is gradually widening suggests that more people are surviving to older ages and that the population is ageing. Taken together, these features indicate low fertility and an ageing population. Therefore, choice A is correct.

Choice B would normally produce a broad or very wide base because many children would be entering the population. Choice C cannot be concluded from the shape alone; migration may influence age structure, but the pyramid does not prove that migration is the only cause. Choice D is impossible as a literal description because every real population has some mortality. The pyramid therefore gives a combined signal: fewer recent births, a large mature population, and improving survival at older ages.

Related tags

Age PyramidPopulation AgeingLow FertilityAge CompositionAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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