Under which condition is a country most likely to gain a demographic dividend?

Correct answer: When the working-age group is large and receives education, skills and employment

A demographic dividend is the possible economic benefit created when the working-age population forms a large share of the total population. This opportunity is not automatic. People of working age must be healthy, educated, trained, and able to find productive employment. Businesses, infrastructure, good institutions, and suitable policies also help convert a large labour force into higher production, income, and savings. Without these conditions, a large working-age group may instead face unemployment and social pressure.

Option A includes the essential conditions: a large working-age population together with education, skills, and employment. High birth rates increase the dependent child population and do not by themselves create a dividend. Rapid growth of elderly people without jobs increases dependency, and equal numbers in all age groups do not guarantee productive work. Hence A is correct.