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If both the base and top of a population pyramid are broad but the middle is relatively narrow, which challenge is possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Combined pressure from high child and elderly dependency

The base of a population pyramid represents children, while the top represents older people. A broad base therefore indicates high child dependency, and a broad top indicates high elderly dependency. If the middle, which mainly represents the working-age population, is relatively narrow, fewer workers may be available to support both dependent groups. The country may consequently face pressure on schools and child services as well as pensions, health care, and elderly support.

Option A is correct because it identifies the combined burden created by large numbers at both ends and a smaller working-age centre. Option B is the opposite pattern, since a narrow middle does not show a large workforce advantage. Options C and D incorrectly assume that dependency disappears or that only employment matters. The exact effect also depends on employment and productivity, but the demographic challenge is clear.

Related tags

Double DependencyPopulation PyramidChild ElderlyDependency PressureAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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