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If a country's child population is declining while the elderly population is increasing, how may its population pyramid change over time?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: The base may narrow and the upper part may broaden

The base of a population pyramid represents the youngest age groups, while the upper part represents older groups. If the child population is declining, newer and younger cohorts are smaller, so the base becomes narrower. If the elderly population is increasing, older cohorts occupy a larger share and the upper part can become broader. The shape therefore changes toward an ageing or constrictive structure.

Hence, option B is correct: the base may narrow and the upper part may broaden. Option A reverses both expected changes. Option C is unrelated to the stated age trends, and option D is incorrect because changes in the shares of children and elderly people directly affect the pyramid. The exact shape also depends on sex composition, mortality, fertility, and migration, but the stated direction is clear.

Related tags

Population PyramidNarrow BaseBroad TopPopulation AgeingAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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