If the working-age population grows faster than employment opportunities, which problem may emerge?

Correct answer: High unemployment or underemployment

The working-age population represents people who may participate in the labor market. If this group grows faster than the number of available jobs, more people will compete for each position. Some may remain without work, producing unemployment. Others may find only fewer hours, lower productivity, or jobs below their skills, producing underemployment. A large working-age population can support economic growth when suitable jobs and skills are available, but its size alone does not guarantee employment.

Option A is correct because it directly describes the likely labor-market pressure. Elderly dependency does not automatically disappear simply because the working-age group grows, and the child population cannot be assumed to become zero. Pension demand may change over time, but it would not immediately double merely because employment grows more slowly. The key comparison is between the speed of labor-force growth and the speed of job creation, so unemployment or underemployment is the most reasonable result.