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If a population pyramid has a broad top and a very narrow base, which future problem may increase?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Labor shortage and elderly dependency

A population pyramid with a broad top represents a large proportion of older people, while a very narrow base represents relatively few children and low recent fertility. This combination indicates an ageing and possibly shrinking population. The small younger cohorts will eventually replace the current working-age population, but they may not be numerous enough to do so fully.

As a result, employers may face a smaller supply of workers, while the number of elderly people needing support remains high. The working population may have to support more older dependants through taxes, pensions, health services, and care systems. A narrow base does not indicate high child dependency or a very youthful population. Therefore, choice A identifies the likely future problem.

Related tags

Ageing PyramidLabour ShortageElderly DependencyNarrow BaseAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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