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Why does the elderly share not become very high immediately after a country's birth rate declines?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Age-structure change depends on cohorts ageing over time

A fall in fertility immediately affects the number of babies and makes new child cohorts smaller. It does not instantly turn existing children, adults, or middle-aged people into elderly people. Those cohorts must pass through many years of life before they enter the older age group. Therefore, the percentage of elderly people usually changes gradually rather than suddenly.

Over the following decades, smaller younger cohorts and longer survival can make older people a larger share of the total population. The speed of this change also depends on mortality, migration, and the starting age distribution. Hence option A correctly emphasizes cohorts ageing over time. Fertility does have an important long-term relationship with age structure, while the claims about all elderly people migrating or fertility affecting only weather are unrelated and false.

Related tags

Cohort AgeingFertility DeclinePopulation AgeingAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 McqRdgdfgdfg

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