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If the elderly population is increasing while the working-age share is declining, which economic challenge may grow?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Pension and dependency burden

When the elderly share rises while the working-age share falls, the number of potential workers supporting each older person may decline. This can increase the dependency burden on workers, families, employers, and the government. Pension systems may face greater expenditure, and demand for healthcare and long-term care may also grow. If fewer people are contributing taxes or social-security payments, financing these services can become more difficult.

Therefore option A, pension and dependency burden, is the most suitable answer. A growing elderly population does not mean that schools must face an extreme shortage, because school demand is more directly related to the number of children. It does not imply excess child labour, and fertility does not automatically rise. The exact size of the challenge depends on retirement ages, productivity, migration, savings, health, and policy, but the direction described in the question clearly raises pressure on pensions and support systems.

Related tags

Elderly DependencyPension BurdenShrinking WorkforcePopulation AgeingAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 Mcq

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