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If a country's birth rate remains low for a long period while life expectancy keeps increasing, what change in age structure is most likely?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Population will move toward ageing

Persistently low birth rates make each younger generation smaller than the previous one. At the same time, increasing life expectancy means that a greater proportion of people survive to older ages. As these processes continue, children occupy a smaller share and older people occupy a larger share of the total population. The age pyramid may therefore become less broad at its base and relatively wider in the middle or upper sections.

Option B is the most likely result: the population will move toward ageing. Low fertility does not rapidly expand the child population, and it does not make the working-age group disappear immediately; any labour-force effect develops over time. The base of the population pyramid would generally narrow rather than broaden. The combined evidence of sustained low fertility and longer lives is a standard demographic pattern associated with a rising elderly share and population ageing.

Related tags

Low FertilityLife ExpectancyPopulation AgeingAge StructurePopulation CompositionGeographyClass 12 McqRdgdfgdfg

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